What Is an Epidemiologist?

The Epidemiology program at Drexel University's Dornsife School of Public Health is top 20 in the nation according to U.S. News & World Report's 2024 rankings and offers a variety of degrees for future epidemiologists.

How to Become an Epidemiologist - Table of Contents:

What Is Epidemiology?

Epidemiology is one of many branches of public health. It centers on investigating the complex causes of major public health problems, and it aims to develop effective strategies to prevent them.

Epidemiology seeks to improve population health by understanding and addressing the factors that influence health and disease.

What Is an Epidemiologist?

An epidemiologist is a public health professional who studies the patterns, causes, and effects of health and disease conditions in large populations.

Epidemiologists are scientists who play a crucial role in protecting and improving public health. Specifically, they aim to identify patterns of disease, determine causes and risk factors, measure the impact of diseases, evaluate interventions, predict and prevent future outbreaks, and support health policy and planning.

Different Types of Epidemiologists

Epidemiology is a broad field, and an epidemiologist often specializes in a specific area of research that is based on a type of health condition, population, or method of study.

Epidemiologists may specialize in research, including:

  • Infectious diseases (e.g., COVID-19, HIV/AIDS)
  • Chronic diseases (e.g., diabetes, heart disease)
  • Environmental health (e.g., pollution-related illnesses)
  • Occupational health (e.g., workplace hazards)
  • Behavioral health (e.g., substance abuse trends)
  • Social epidemiology (e.g., social determinants of health)
  • Pharmacoepidemiology (e.g., drug safety and efficacy)

Each type of epidemiologist uses unique methods and tools, but those in this field share an overarching goal of improving population health through research, policy, and intervention.

Read about our Drexel Dornsife epidemiology doctoral students and our epidemiology faculty to learn more about the broad types of epidemiological research happening at Drexel University.

What Does an Epidemiologist Do?

The specific duties can vary based on the type of epidemiology, but the general responsibilities of an epidemiologist include:

  • Data Collection and Analysis: Gathering data on disease outbreaks, health behaviors, and environmental factors. Using statistical tools to analyze patterns and trends.
  • Identifying Risk Factors: Investigating causes and risk factors for diseases, such as genetic, environmental, or lifestyle contributors.
  • Disease Surveillance: Monitoring the occurrence of diseases in populations. Detecting outbreaks early to initiate timely interventions.

Skills Required to Become an Epidemiologist

Becoming an epidemiologist requires a combination of technical expertise, analytical abilities, and soft skills. Below are some of the key skills needed:

  • Technical skills: Common coding languages in epidemiology are SAS and R
  • Analytical and critical thinking skills: Epidemiology commonly involves solving complex problems through research and data analysis
  • Communication skills: Collaboration, writing, and speaking are valuable skills
  • Project management: Managing timelines, making decisions, and leading teams are crucial skills for research

Acquire these skills and more with an in-person MPH in Epidemiology, an online MPH in Epidemiology, or an MS in Epidemiology at Drexel Dornsife.


Interdisciplinary Collaboration at Drexel Dornsife

At Dornsife, Epidemiology and Biostatistics are combined into one department. Prayag Shah, a Dornsife Ambassador, explains how this integration and collaboration benefits the curriculum:

“My major is Epidemiology, but as the Biostatistics department is interconnected with it, students get to know both of the subjects and gain different skills in those aspects. Flexibility in the minors and other electives is also great part of the school.”

Why Study Epidemiology?

"I feel strongly about understanding how and why certain groups of people are more likely to suffer adverse health outcomes, and how I can use epidemiology to foster health equity...I like to describe my public health focus as the intersection between infectious diseases and health disparities." - Rini Jose, PhD in Epi ‘23, MPH

Epidemiology is a STEM field that plays a vital role in saving lives, reducing suffering, and promoting healthier societies.

The study of epidemiology contributes to evidence-based decision-making that improves health outcomes for communities.

Drexel Dornsife faculty, students, and alumni chose epidemiology as their field of study because of mentors, academic strengths, personal interests, and life experiences.

“I was born in Washington, D.C. where epidemiological problems, chronic disease issues, and social and health inequities are pervasive,” said alum Michael L. Jenkins, Jr., in DSPH Magazine.

“At the age of five, I learned that my grandmother had diabetes, and at the time I could not comprehend the severity of the disease. I later learned of its prevalence in the African American community, and its impact on life quality. I didn’t realize it then, but that knowledge would shape the course of my educational pursuits and career aspirations,” said Jenkins, now a senior policy analyst and social epidemiologist at the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.

Alum Rini Jose, PhD in Epi ‘23, MPH, explained her motivation: “I feel strongly about understanding how and why certain groups of people are more likely to suffer adverse health outcomes, and how I can use epidemiology to foster health equity… I like to describe my public health focus as the intersection between infectious diseases and health disparities.”

Where Do Epidemiologists Work?

Epidemiologists work in diverse settings, including government agencies and departments (e.g., CDC, Pennsylvania Department of Health), academic institutions, healthcare organizations, and nonprofit organizations.

Alum Sarah Weinbrom, MPH ’23, found her job in the Division of Maternal, Child, and Family Health (MCFH) at the Philadelphia Department of Public Health after completing her APE and ILE with the MCFH team.

“In my day-to-day work, I use many of the epidemiology skills that I gained in my major coursework as well as the contextual knowledge that I gained as a Maternal and Child Health trainee,” said Weinbrom, who works as a maternal mortality & morbidity epidemiologist.

An epidemiologist’s skills are extremely relevant to research roles in public health and biomedical sciences. They are also essential for safeguarding public health and managing health crises.

"In my day-to-day work, I use many of the epidemiology skills that I gained in my major coursework as well as the contextual knowledge that I gained as a Maternal and Child Health trainee." - Sarah Weinbrom, MPH ’23, a maternal mortality & morbidity epidemiologist

Places where epidemiologists work include:

  • Healthcare organizations and hospitals
  • Federal government agencies
  • State and local health departments
  • International organizations
  • Private pharmaceutical and biotech companies
  • Colleges and universities
  • Environmental and occupational health sectors
  • Global and national nonprofit and advocacy organizations

How Long Does It Take to Become an Epidemiologist?

The timeline to become an epidemiologist varies depending on the level of specialization and career goals. Below is an overview of the typical time commitment.

Entry-Level Epidemiologist: Typical timeline is 4-6 years

  • Bachelor’s degree
  • Master’s degree

There are entry-level jobs that do not require a master's degree, but the majority of epidemiology jobs either prefer or require a master's.

Senior Epidemiologist/Researcher: Typical timeline is 9–12 years

  • Bachelor’s degree
  • Master’s degree
  • Doctoral degree in Epidemiology

Drexel Dornsife’s epidemiology program is ranked #19 in the nation according to U.S. News & World Report’s 2024 rankings, making it a top choice for future epidemiologists.

How to Become an Epidemiologist

An MPH in Epidemiology or MS in Epidemiology is preferred or required for most epidemiology positions. Further education, such as a doctoral degree in epidemiology, can open more advanced opportunities in research or academia.

A strong foundation in public health and research methods is the key qualification.

With the right education and transferable skills, a wide range of professionals can make a successful career change to epidemiology, including nurses, health educators, pharmacists, and others with a health, science, or data analysis background.

Epidemiologists do not have to go to medical school to enter the field. While some epidemiologists are medical doctors, it is not required for most roles in epidemiology.

There are certain steps required in order to become an epidemiologist. These steps include:

1. Get a Bachelor's Degree in Public Health or a Related Field

The first step to becoming an epidemiologist is to earn a bachelor’s degree. Consider pursuing a college major that provides a strong foundation in science, statistics, and public health. Some good options include a bachelor's in public health, biology, health sciences, mathematics, sociology, and computer science.

A foundational education in health sciences and statistics is essential as you go on to graduate studies in epidemiology.

If you don’t have a degree in a hard science but later decide to become an epidemiologist, then volunteer experience or work (health clinic, health department, or health-related organization) or some pre-requisite courses would be beneficial.

2. Get a Master’s Degree in Epidemiology

Many entry-level epidemiology positions prefer or require a master’s degree. Drexel Dornsife offers a face-to-face MPH in Epidemiology, an online MPH in Epidemiology, and a face-to-face MS in Epidemiology.

"Of the many MPH programs I considered, Drexel was the only program that I felt would allow me to tailor my degree experience exactly how I wanted." - Marissa Bacon, Online MPH in Epidemiology program

A master’s degree provides specialized training in epidemiological methods, data analysis, and public health principles.

Master’s programs at Drexel Dornsife appeal to students who are looking to control their career path:

“Of the many MPH programs I considered, Drexel was the only program that I felt would allow me to tailor my degree experience exactly how I wanted,” said Marissa Bacon, a student in the MPH in Epidemiology online program and a Dornsife Ambassador.

“Other programs were often too general, but at Drexel I have the opportunity to concentrate my degree in epidemiology while still taking classes that interest me and will help shape my development,” added Bacon.

A doctoral degree is often needed for leadership roles, academia, or advanced research positions in epidemiology. The PhD in Epidemiology involves conducting independent research and writing a dissertation. Learn more about Drexel Dornsife’s epidemiology doctoral students and their experiences.

3. Gain Work Experience

Applicable work experience can help individuals who are aiming to become an epidemiologist. There are different types of ways to gain experience.

Real-world experiences include the MS master’s research project, MPH applied practice experience, Drexel Co-op, and research assistant roles.

4. Find the Right Role

Individuals with the appropriate education are ready to start applying for epidemiologist jobs.

Drexel Dornsife graduates have landed epidemiology roles including research assistant, data analyst, clinical research coordinator, and infection preventionist.

5. Enhance Your Skills With Continuing Education

Certain epidemiologist roles may require continued education, certification, or job training to stay current on public health practices or increase career possibilities.

Drexel Dornsife faculty and alumni annually attend scientific meetings and conferences through organizations like the Society for Epidemiologic Research and the American Public Health Association.

Are Epidemiologists in Demand?

The job markets in the public, private, and nonprofit sectors have consistently been strong and remain so for individuals with expertise in epidemiologic study design and large-scale data analysis.

The Bureau of Labor Statistics job outlook for epidemiologists is much faster than average, projected to grow 19% between 2023 - 2033.

How Much Do Epidemiologists Make?

According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the median pay for epidemiologists with a master’s degree was $81,390 in 2023. An epidemiologist’s salary can be dependent on factors such as job role, education level, and location.

Pursue a Career in Epidemiology with Drexel Dornsife

Pursuing a public health career in epidemiology starts with a degree from an accredited school of public health. Drexel Dornsife provides the education, skills, and practical experience necessary to excel in this field.

Epidemiology degree programs at Drexel Dornsife feature personalized career services, specialized minors, and nationally recognized epidemiology faculty with robust research portfolios in areas including autism, cardiovascular disease, climate change, infectious disease, physical activity, structural racism, and LGBTQ health.

Does epidemiology sound like it might be the right career path for you? Learn more our degrees at Drexel Dornsife School of Public Health:


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