What Admissions Committees Look for in LLM Applicants
Practicing lawyers looking to advance their education and further specialize their practice often consider pursuing a Master of Laws (LLM) degree as a next step. Before you get started with your LLM application, however, it’s helpful to ensure you understand the admissions requirements and process as a whole.
Core LLM Admissions Requirements
While specific LLM admissions requirements can vary from one program to the next, most programs have more or less the same admissions criteria in regard to prior degree requirements and grade point average (GPA) expectations.
Prior Law Degree Requirements
Because an LLM degree is designed for professionals who are already practicing law, a Juris Doctor (JD) or international equivalent is a strict requirement for admission.
JD For Domestic Applicants
For domestic applicants, a Juris Doctor must have been completed. Proof of completion in the form of academic transcripts may be requested as part of the application process.
LLB or Equivalent for International Applicants
For international applicants, many schools will require the equivalent of a JD — such as a Bachelor of Laws (LLB) or similar. International applicants may also be required to demonstrate proficiency in the English language by taking the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) or the International English Language Testing System (IELTS).
Minimum GPA Expectations
In addition to having earned a previous degree in law, applicants to an LLM program may be required to meet certain minimum GPA expectations in a previous program. While the exact GPA required can differ depending on the program, it is not uncommon for schools to require at least a 3.0 GPA from a previous program.
In some circumstances, applicants with a lower GPA may still be admitted with sufficient and appropriate professional experience.
Accredited Institutions & Credential Verification
When applying to an LLM program, institutions will also want to verify that an applicant’s previous JD or LLB degree was earned from a reputable and credible school. In the United States, this may mean acknowledging only degree programs from institutions that have been accredited by the American Bar Association (ABA). Accreditation bodies for international law degrees may vary.
Another integral part of the process when applying to an LLM program is credential verification, confirming that the applicant’s previous legal education is authentic.
Required LLM Application Materials
If you’re preparing to apply to an LLM program, you’ll want to make sure that you not only meet all LLM admission requirements in the USA but also have all necessary LLM application materials ready to submit. In general, it’s best to be proactive about obtaining this documentation rather than waiting until the last minute — especially since some documents (like official transcripts) may take some time to procure.
Official Academic Transcripts
For an LLM application, you will need to submit proof of your previous law degree (JD or international equivalent). However, not just any proof will do. Most schools will require an authenticated copy with the school’s official seal printed on security-sensitive paper. This means you may need to formally request an official transcript to be sent to your school of choice (not simply print off an online copy).
Updated Résumé or CV
Along with official transcripts, you’ll need to submit a copy of your current résumé or curriculum vitae (CV). This document outlines your relevant achievements and demonstrates your professional experience in law.
Personal Statement or Statement of Purpose
Also crucial to your LLM application is a personal statement (also known as a statement of purpose). This document is essentially a short essay (usually about one or two typed pages) that explains precisely why you’re choosing to pursue an LLM and where your specific interests lie in the legal field.
Within your personal statement, you might also describe why you believe you’re a good fit for the school’s particular program and how your previous experience makes you a strong candidate. Your personal statement is an optimal opportunity to stand out from other applicants for legal studies admissions, so make it count.
Letters of Recommendation (Typically 2–3)
Most LLM programs will require applicants to submit a few letters of recommendation — ideally from previous law professors or professional superiors (such as supervisors). These letters should present specific examples of what makes the candidate an excellent choice for an LLM program, providing an objective and reputable viewpoint.
Legal Writing Sample (If Required)
Some LLM programs also require applicants to submit a legal writing sample. This could be something previously written for a relevant law school assignment or (ideally) from the applicant’s everyday legal work. In submitting this type of sample, it is important to redact any potentially sensitive data (e.g., client names or case information).
Application Fee & Possible Waivers
Applying to most LLM programs accompanies an applicable fee, so applicants will need to submit payment at the same time as their applications. For applicants who might have trouble covering application fees, waivers may be available. However, you may need to contact your school’s department head for additional information and resources.
Additional Documents for International Applicants
For international students applying to a program, there are additional LLM admission requirements to be aware of.
Credential Evaluations (WES, LSAC CAS)
Because not all international law degrees translate seamlessly to LLM programs in the United States, a formal credential evaluation may need to be performed in order to analyze previous coursework and determine eligibility. Often, this is done through a reputable agency such as:
Passport Copy
Aside from completing a credential evaluation to determine eligibility for admission into an LLM program, international students may be asked to provide a copy of their current and valid passport. Generally, the passport needs to be valid for a minimum of six months past the student’s planned period of stay.
Financial Documentation & Transcript Translations
Many LLM programs also require international students to provide proof that they possess sufficient funds to cover at least one year of tuition and living expenses in the U.S. This might entail submitting documentation in the form of bank statements, financial aid letters or loan approvals.
In many cases, too, a formal transcript translation must be completed by a reputable agency (such as the LSAC CAS). This certified, signed document provides a word-for-word translation of an international student’s previous academic records into English.
What LLM Admissions Committees Evaluate
So, what are legal studies admissions committees looking for when they review an LLM application? Some of the most essential evaluation criteria include:
- Law school GPA and transcript rigor, or the applicant’s academic performance in a previous program.
- Performance and foundational courses, including previous program GPA and completion of critical coursework to prepare for an LLM.
- Government, NGO, or public sector experience; ideally, applicants should have at least several years of relevant legal experience.
- Experience in specific areas of law, particularly if applying to an LLM program with a concentration.
- Clarity and precision in legal writing, which is essential when earning an LLM degree.
- Fit within the program.
- Understanding of program structure and outcomes, including the length of the program and required coursework.
Additional Factors That Strengthen an LL.M. Application
How might LLM applicants set themselves apart from the rest? The following could help you gain a competitive advantage:
Moot Court, Mock Trial or Legal Clinic Experience
An extensive background in moot court, mock trial or similar legal experiences could distinguish you from applicants with limited field experience.
Professional Certifications or Specialized Training
If you’ve earned any additional certifications or professional designations, be sure to highlight these in your résumé/CV and/or your personal statement.
Awards, Distinctions or Academic Honors
Any professional awards, distinctions or academic honors should also be showcased in your application, especially if they are specifically related to the legal field.
Legal Publications, Research or Academic Projects
If any of your legal research has been formally published, include this in your CV and potentially your personal statement as well. The same goes for any academic projects you are particularly proud of.
Special Considerations for International Applicants
When it comes to LLM admission requirements in the USA, there are a few additional factors for international applicants to consider before applying:
English Proficiency Testing (TOEFL, IELTS, Duolingo)
Many schools require international students to demonstrate proof of proficiency in English. This may be done by taking the TOEFL or IELTS and earning your school’s required passing score.
Understanding U.S. Legal Education Differences
Make sure, too, that you understand the key differences between earning a legal education in the United States and other areas of the world. In the United States, for example, an LLM is a graduate-level program — meaning it is typically not started until after earning an undergraduate degree.
From a curriculum perspective, legal degree programs in the U.S. also tend to focus more on case law and practical applications than legal theory.
Bar Exam Eligibility Pathways for International Lawyers
For international lawyers looking to qualify for the bar exam in the United States, earning an LLM is a common pathway. However, some international applicants who hold law degrees from countries based on English Common Law may qualify to sit for the bar exam without additional education. This may be worth looking into before you apply.
Ready to Apply for an LLM Program?
There’s plenty to keep in mind when preparing an application for an LLM program — especially if you’re an international student seeking to earn your LLM in the United States. Leveraging the tips outlined above, though, you can complete and submit your application with greater confidence.
Still searching for an LLM program that’s right for you? At Drexel University, the Thomas R. Kline School of Law is proud to offer an LLM degree program that is available with several concentrations in such areas as:
Get in touch to learn more about any of our LLM programs, read about our specific admission requirements or get started with your application for admission today.
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