Presenting Author: Margrethe Horlyck-Romanovsky, MPH, CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy

ABSTRACT

Background: Between 1980-2011 Ghanaian immigration to NYC increased fourfold from 2,382 to 13,419. In 2011, the total NYC Ghanaian population was 27,400; of these 82.7% lived in cultural enclaves in the Bronx. Little is known about how cultural enclaves and acculturation affect diet and health of Ghanaian immigrant families.

Objectives: To understand how food environments, cultural practices and the acculturation experience influence dietary patterns and health of Ghanaian immigrant youth, parents and grandparents.

Methods: We conducted interviews and focus groups with Ghanaian youth (n=13), parents (n=6) and grandparents (n=6). Information about socio-demographics, health behaviors and health outcomes was collected. Interviews and focus groups used open-ended questions, were digitally recorded and lasted between 45 and 90 minutes. Recordings were transcribed, and analyzed using Dedoose 7.0.

Results: The differential protective effect of cultural enclaves varies by generation. Youth may not frequent Ghanaian restaurants because they claim to have access to these foods at home. Instead, the enclave offers desired mainstream variety beyond African food. Parents’ and grandparents’ access to authentic ingredients allow cooking of traditional meals. African restaurants, markets and cultural institutions offer additional opportunities for cultural immersion.

Implications: Diversity of mainstream and African food options limit Ghanaian enculturation of youth, which may accelerate dietary acculturation and increase risk of diet-related disease. Adults may experience better diet-related health because enclaves allow retention of cultural food practices. Future public health initiatives should foster greater appreciation for Ghanaian food and food practices in youth.

Authors: Margrethe Horlyck-Romanovsky, MPH; Shanaz Hosein; Patricia J. Pauyo, BS; Tashanne Distin, BS; Naudia Jones; Faye Lewin Neil, BS; and Ramatu Ahmed.